Persian painting has usually been studied from historical point of views. But its formation is rooted in a specific social context. In this study, we will try to contextualize it and we will show that this social context has a crucial role regarding its aesthetic. Persian painting is an art of royal courts and it represents the life of princes combined with Persian epic legendes. This social context and its impact on the Persian painting will be studied here, showing that ordinary life of royal families is the central theme of these paintings and not, as it is said usually, the sprituality of mystical realms. The formation of the Persian painting in the 14th century is typically related to the Persian cultur ruled by the Mongols and Timûrids who tried to legitimize their kingdom by supporting the arts and particularly painting. That is why the art of painting flourished in Persia during their dynasties.