fa تجسم ساختارشکنی: تحلیل رویکردهای ساختارشکن در تصاویر سورئالیستی قرن ۲۰ تخصصي Special پژوهشي Research <span style="font-family:tahoma;"><span style="font-size:11.5pt;">ساختارشکنی</span> <span style="font-size:11.5pt;">و</span> <span style="font-size:11.5pt;">سورئالیسم،</span> <span style="font-size:11.5pt;">علی‌رغم</span> <span style="font-size:11.5pt;">خاستگاه‌های</span> <span style="font-size:11.5pt;">متفاوتشان،</span> <span style="font-size:11.5pt;">در</span> <span style="font-size:11.5pt;">انتقادی</span> <span style="font-size:11.5pt;">که</span> <span style="font-size:11.5pt;">به</span> <span style="font-size:11.5pt;">نگرش‌های</span> <span style="font-size:11.5pt;">قطعیت‌گرا</span> <span style="font-size:11.5pt;">وارد می‌کنند،</span> <span style="font-size:11.5pt;">اشتراک نظر</span> <span style="font-size:11.5pt;">دارند؛</span> <span style="font-size:11.5pt;">برای</span> <span style="font-size:11.5pt;">آن‌ها</span> <span style="font-size:11.5pt;">قابل‌ پذیرش</span> <span style="font-size:11.5pt;">نیست</span> <span style="font-size:11.5pt;">که</span> <span style="font-size:11.5pt;">گستره</span> <span style="font-size:11.5pt;">نامحدود</span> <span style="font-size:11.5pt;">معانی</span> <span style="font-size:11.5pt;">و</span> <span style="font-size:11.5pt;">تفاسیر</span> <span style="font-size:11.5pt;">را</span> <span style="font-size:11.5pt;">بتوان</span> <span style="font-size:11.5pt;">به</span> <span style="font-size:11.5pt;">رابطه</span> <span style="font-size:11.5pt;">معین</span> <span style="font-size:11.5pt;">و</span> <span style="font-size:11.5pt;">تقابلی &laquo;مفاهیم دوگانی&raquo;</span> <span style="font-size:11.5pt;">تقلیل</span> <span style="font-size:11.5pt;">داد</span><span dir="LTR"><span style="font-size:11.5pt;">. </span></span><span style="font-size:11.5pt;">ساختارشکنی،</span> <span style="font-size:11.5pt;">در</span> <span style="font-size:11.5pt;">رویکرد</span> <span style="font-size:11.5pt;">به</span> <span style="font-size:11.5pt;">متن</span> <span style="font-size:11.5pt;">و</span> <span style="font-size:11.5pt;">ساختارهای</span> <span style="font-size:11.5pt;">زبانی</span> <span style="font-size:11.5pt;">و</span> <span style="font-size:11.5pt;">سورئالیسم</span> <span style="font-size:11.5pt;">در</span> <span style="font-size:11.5pt;">اهتمام</span> <span style="font-size:11.5pt;">به</span> <span style="font-size:11.5pt;">تغییر</span> <span style="font-size:11.5pt;">تجربه‌های</span> <span style="font-size:11.5pt;">ادراکی</span> <span style="font-size:11.5pt;">و</span> <span style="font-size:11.5pt;">ارتقاءدادن</span> <span style="font-size:11.5pt;">واقعیت</span> <span style="font-size:11.5pt;">دریافتی،</span> <span style="font-size:11.5pt;">تقابل‌گرایی</span> <span style="font-size:11.5pt;">ساختاری</span> <span style="font-size:11.5pt;">را</span> <span style="font-size:11.5pt;">به</span> <span style="font-size:11.5pt;">چالش</span> <span style="font-size:11.5pt;">می‌کشند. با</span> <span style="font-size:11.5pt;">مفروض‌داشتن</span> <span style="font-size:11.5pt;">تشابه</span> <span style="font-size:11.5pt;">نگرش</span> <span style="font-size:11.5pt;">مذکور،</span> <span style="font-size:11.5pt;">این</span> <span style="font-size:11.5pt;">پژوهش</span> <span style="font-size:11.5pt;">با</span> <span style="font-size:11.5pt;">هدف</span> <span style="font-size:11.5pt;">بهره‌گیری</span> <span style="font-size:11.5pt;">از</span> <span style="font-size:11.5pt;">نظریه</span> <span style="font-size:11.5pt;">برای</span> <span style="font-size:11.5pt;">خوانش</span> <span style="font-size:11.5pt;">اثر</span> <span style="font-size:11.5pt;">هنری،</span> <span style="font-size:11.5pt;">با</span> <span style="font-size:11.5pt;">روشی</span> <span style="font-size:11.5pt;">تحلیلی،</span> <span style="font-size:11.5pt;">به</span> <span style="font-size:11.5pt;">رویکردهای</span> <span style="font-size:11.5pt;">هنر</span> <span style="font-size:11.5pt;">سورئالیستی</span> <span style="font-size:11.5pt;">قرن</span> <span style="font-size:11.5pt;">۲۰ (تصویر دوبعدی) منظر</span> <span style="font-size:11.5pt;">ساختارشکنی می‌پردازد. مبنای</span> <span style="font-size:11.5pt;">تحلیل</span> <span style="font-size:11.5pt;">ساختارشکنانه</span> <span style="font-size:11.5pt;">در</span> <span style="font-size:11.5pt;">این</span> <span style="font-size:11.5pt;">تحقیق،</span> <span style="font-size:11.5pt;">مدنظر</span> <span style="font-size:11.5pt;">قرار</span> <span style="font-size:11.5pt;">دادن</span> <span style="font-size:11.5pt;">رابطه</span> <span style="font-size:11.5pt;">معکوس</span> <span style="font-size:11.5pt;">و</span> <span style="font-size:11.5pt;">مختل‌شده</span> <span style="font-size:11.5pt;">دو جزء</span> <span style="font-size:11.5pt;">تقابلی</span> <span style="font-size:11.5pt;">و</span> <span style="font-size:11.5pt;">همچنین &laquo;تعین‌ناپذیری&raquo; جایگاه</span> <span style="font-size:11.5pt;">نهایی</span> <span style="font-size:11.5pt;">آن‌ها</span> <span style="font-size:11.5pt;">است. نتیجه</span> <span style="font-size:11.5pt;">آنکه</span> <span style="font-size:11.5pt;">تصاویر</span> <span style="font-size:11.5pt;">سورئالیستی،</span> <span style="font-size:11.5pt;">به واسطه</span> <span style="font-size:11.5pt;">گسستی</span> <span style="font-size:11.5pt;">که</span> <span style="font-size:11.5pt;">در</span> <span style="font-size:11.5pt;">رابطه</span> <span style="font-size:11.5pt;">معمول</span> <span style="font-size:11.5pt;">مفاهیم</span> <span style="font-size:11.5pt;">متقابل</span> <span style="font-size:11.5pt;">پدید</span> <span style="font-size:11.5pt;">می‌آورند،</span> <span style="font-size:11.5pt;">قطعیت‌هایی</span> <span style="font-size:11.5pt;">که</span> <span style="font-size:11.5pt;">متزلزل</span> <span style="font-size:11.5pt;">می‌سازند</span> <span style="font-size:11.5pt;">و</span> <span style="font-size:11.5pt;">اطمینان‌خاطرهایی</span> <span style="font-size:11.5pt;">که</span> <span style="font-size:11.5pt;">به‌پرسش</span> <span style="font-size:11.5pt;">می‌گیرند،</span> <span style="font-size:11.5pt;">علاوه</span> <span style="font-size:11.5pt;">بر</span> <span style="font-size:11.5pt;">واسازی</span> <span style="font-size:11.5pt;">نظام</span> <span style="font-size:11.5pt;">تصویری</span> <span style="font-size:11.5pt;">مورداستفاده </span><span dir="LTR"><span style="font-size:11.5pt;">)</span></span><span style="font-size:11.5pt;">هنر</span> <span style="font-size:11.5pt;">انتزاعی</span> <span style="font-size:11.5pt;">و</span> <span style="font-size:11.5pt;">هنر</span> <span style="font-size:11.5pt;">بازنما</span><span dir="LTR"><span style="font-size:11.5pt;">(</span></span><span style="font-size:11.5pt;"> نگرش</span> <span style="font-size:11.5pt;">ساختارشکن</span> <span style="font-size:11.5pt;">را</span> <span style="font-size:11.5pt;">نسبت</span> <span style="font-size:11.5pt;">به</span> <span style="font-size:11.5pt;">پندارهای</span> <span style="font-size:11.5pt;">معمول</span> <span style="font-size:11.5pt;">ما</span> <span style="font-size:11.5pt;">از</span> <span style="font-size:11.5pt;">واقعیت،</span> <span style="font-size:11.5pt;">تجسم &laquo;عینی&raquo; می‌بخشند.&nbsp;</span></span> &nbsp;&nbsp;<span dir="LTR">Deconstruction and Surrealism, despite their different origins, are in accord on their criticism of deterministic approaches; both of them stand against reducing the infinite domain of meanings and interpretations to the determined and contrastive field of &ldquo;binary oppositions&rdquo;. Deconstruction challenges the structural contrastivism through its approach towards text and lingual structures, as surrealism does the same by altering the perceptive experiences and elevating the perceived reality. Given the aforementioned similarity in approach, the current research aims to use the reader-response theory to study the approaches of surrealistic art in 20th century (two-dimensional image) from the deconstructive viewpoint. The deconstructive analysis in this research is based on the reversed and disrupted relationship between oppositional components, and the &ldquo;undecidability&rdquo; of their final status. The research concludes that by disrupting the conventional relationship among contrastive concepts, wavering the certainties, and questioning the accepted convictions, surrealist images not only deconstruct the used visual system (abstract art and figurative art), but also &ldquo;embody&rdquo; (visualize) the deconstructive approach towards our conventional notions about reality.</span> &nbsp; تقابل‌های دوتایی, تعین‌ناپذیری, ساختارشکنی, سورئالیسم, هنر سورئالیستی deconstruction, surrealism, surrealist art, binary oppositions, undecidability 33 47 http://kimiahonar.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-1-167&slc_lang=fa&sid=1 Fateme Pourmand فاطمه پورمند fateme.pourmand@hotmail.com 10031947532846002404 10031947532846002404 Yes Ashraf Mousavi lar اشرف‌السادات موسوی‌‌لر a.mousavilar@alzahra.ac.ir 10031947532846002405 10031947532846002405 No